What is Actuarial Science

 

 

An actuary is an expert whose job is to solve actual problems in a business, especially those related to risks. It might sound boring to the average joe, but gamblers and math whizzes would surely be twitching with delight. The main task for actuaries is “forecasting” future risks. The future is abstract and vague, this means that actuaries dwell on the uncertain and, with the help of mathematics, can help foresee risks that might occur. Although the word math usually means working at a solitary confinement, many actuaries also work as consultants, travelling places to help different companies.

By using mathematical and statistical methods, Actuarial science is a discipline that assesses financial risks in the insurance and finance fields (Investopedia.com, 2021). Typically used in the insurance industry, actuarial science deals with evaluating risks and maintaining the economic stability of insurance or financial organizations. By applying the mathematics of probability and statistics, actuarial science aims to define, analyze, and solve financial implications of uncertain future events. By analyzing past data, actuaries use the information to determine how much money should be set aside to cover the financial losses which could occur in the future. One of the primary challenges for an actuary is when there is no past data to work with, or the data is not relevant anymore due to certain changes. Actuaries generally work on teams that often include managers and professionals in other fields, such as accounting and finance.

An actuary is not to be confused with a financial planner and risk manager. Risk managers or risk analysts are responsible for identifying, assessing, and controlling threats to an organization’s capital and earnings. These risks might stem from a variety of sources: financial uncertainty, natural disasters, legal liabilities, etc. Financial planners mostly deal with individuals in a similar manner to wealth management professionals. Providing counsel and advices on various financial related issues, from tax and estate planning, to risk management and insurance planning (allaboutcareers.com, 2017). Actuaries are responsible in handling risks in finance. They are basically tasked to constantly predict future events and their financial implications. Actuaries are expected to estimate the economic cost of an event such as death, sickness, an accident, or a natural disaster.

            Primarily, actuaries work for insurance companies. Although most work full time in an office, some actuaries work as consultants for other companies or clients. Actuary candidates need a bachelor’s degree and are required to pass a series of exams to become certified professionals. Generally speaking, it takes three to five years to complete the educational requirements to get an entry-level job. A strong background in mathematics, statistics, and business is a must. Actuaries are usually found working for health, life, and property and casualty insurance companies. According to collegegrad.com, the largest employer of actuaries is finance and insurance (71%), followed by professional, scientific, and technical services (13%). The median annual wage for actuaries was $111,030 in May 2020 (bls.gov, 2021). Employment of actuaries is projected to grow 18 percent from 2019 to 2029, much faster than the average growth for all other occupations.

            In short, actuaries deal with the uncertain. Actuarial science is a discipline that assesses financial risks in the insurance and finance fields by applying mathematical and statistical methods. Not to be confused with other analytical fields, actuaries only deal with quantifying risks and its financial implications that could occur in the future.  They analyze past data then use the information gained to determine how much money should be set aside to cover financial losses which could occur in the future. Actuaries usually work for insurance companies, and most work full time in an office, although some actuaries work as consultants for other companies or clients. In order to be a certified professional, aspiring actuaries must have a bachelor’s degree and need to pass a series of exams, which usually takes about three to five years of training. Gamblers and math whizzes would surely be delighted indeed.

 

Sources:

·       Kagan, J. (2021, May 19). Actuarial Science. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/actuarial-science.asp

·       Careers, A. A. (2021, August 25). The role of financial planning, actuarial and risk management. Retrieved from https://www.allaboutcareers.com/career-path/financial-planning-actuarial-risk-management/

·       Collegegrad.com (2014, September 29). actuaries. Retrieved from https://collegegrad.com/careers/actuaries

·       Balan, R. S. (2021, August 25). What Is Actuarial Science and Should I Study an Actuarial Degree in 2021? Retrieved from https://www.mastersportal.com/articles/2732/what-is-actuarial-science-and-should-i-study-an-actuarial-degree-in-2021.html

·       Bls.gov. (2021, April 09). Actuaries: Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/math/actuaries.htm

The Most Versatile Course, Hospitality Management

                                  The Most Versatile Course, Hospitality Management

                                                                         Vijayan Aravind - XII MIPA 2

Hospitality is an interaction or an act of service. It’s the friendly and generous reception of guests, visitors, or strangers (Naples, 2019). The goal is to provide customers with an enjoyable experience. Meanwhile, management is getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. (Adam, 2020). Do you know what happens if the two fields intertwine with each other? Have you ever heard of hotel management? Do you why hospitality management is versatile? Furthermore, I'll be explaining the meaning of the Hospitality Management course and why it is one of the most versatile course.

 

Hospitality management involves applying management concepts and valuable administrative skills in the various areas of hospitality. Worldwide, the hospitality industry is among the largest, most lucrative, rewarding, and fastest-growing industries (AGCAS, 2021). Firstly, it’s important to know what hospitality management is all about. It involves overseeing the daily administrative, operational, and commercial tasks of businesses like hotels, resorts, restaurants, catering establishments, shops, casinos, amusement parks, and other related businesses (AHA, 2021). With that said, hospitality management is an umbrella term that covers various industries such as food and beverage, travel and accommodation, and event management. The departments under a hospitality manager’s stewardship may range from maintenance and housekeeping to spa services, concierge, reception, and many more. When you work in hospitality management, your goal as a manager is to provide customers with an enjoyable experience. Whether that enjoyment comes from eating a good meal, relaxing in a luxurious spa, getting a good night's rest away from home, or making sure each guest is taken care of is paramount. Hospitality skills are known for their transferable nature into other industries due to the unique blend of business insight customer-facing skills acquired. Studying for a degree in hospitality management opens up your career prospects to a large breadth of different industries, including entertainment, luxury, food and beverage, health and wellness, technology, business management, and hotels.

 

Hospitality management is a major part of the hospitality industry which in most cases requires a degree either from a university, a college, or a short course online. Formal training in hospitality management is necessary because it opens up to all the aspects of the hospitality industry and the technicalities of the profession. Some of the careers that you can explore in the Hospitality industry include Hotel Administration, Hotel and Tourism Management, or Hotel Management (EHL Insight, 2021). Some places where hospitality managers can work include restaurants, hotel reservation agencies, parks, convention centers, destination marketing organizations, and lots more. Hospitality management can sometimes be confused with hotel management, mainly because they share similar academic requirements and are both parts of the travel and tourism industry. However, there are some prime differences between the two sectors.

 

The main difference between hotel management and hospitality management is hotel management covers all aspects of managing a hotel. Meanwhile, hospitality management is a broader term that deals with people management in sectors, such as nightclubs, casinos, restaurants, transportation, and even hotels. A difference can also be spotted in each field's responsibilities. The primary responsibility of hotel management is to ensure guests enjoy a pleasant stay at their hotel. It involves taking care of them from the moment they check in to the moment they check out. Every single activity of the guest has to be outstanding to ensure their visit is worth their money (IM&H, 2020). Departments such as the front desk, travel desk, housekeeping, concierge, room service, guest service, etc are all the responsibilities of a hotel manager. Similar to hotel management, hospitality management also includes taking care of guests. For example, hospitality managers in large organizations are responsible for meeting and greeting foreign delegates and ensuring they have everything they need for a successful visit (Taylor, 2019). Both fields, hospitality or hotel management, have properties that are determined by their location and their services. Understanding the local market is the key to success and requires an entrepreneurial mindset to succeed (AHA, 2021).

 

Being widely encouraged and taught, entrepreneurship is considered to be essential for a sustainable economy. Hospitality management offers aspiring entrepreneurs a rare opportunity to combine practical and theoretical education known as a dual education model  (IM&H, 2020). It sets you up for entrepreneurial success by strengthening the essential hard and soft skills. It is also worth noting that the hospitality industry is loved by investors, too. Having withstood the financial recession so well, the industry gained a reputation of a secure investment. A hospitality management degree can be an excellent background for those with unique business ideas, willing to innovate and grow even without proper entrepreneurship skills.

 

In a conclusion, the hospitality management course is desirable for those who have an entrepreneurial mind, spirit, and big dreams. Even without being an entrepreneur, graduating from a hospitality management course can also offer a lot of jobs like a manager, an event planner, chef, financial or accounting roles, marketing sales, and media roles. Therefore, someone with a hospitality management degree may have a lot of choices and options to choose from, due to its versatility.

 

Reference

Ø Naples. (2021). SERVICE VS HOSPITALITY: WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE AND WHY IT MATTERS: https://www.napleshotelgroup.com/article/service-vs-hospitality-whats-difference-matters

Ø AGCAS. (2021). What can I do with hospitality management degree?: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/careers-advice/what-can-i-do-with-my-degree/hospitality-management

Ø AHA. (2021). What is Hospitality and Why is it so Improtant?: https://www.ahaworldcampus.com/b/what-is-hospitality

Ø IM&H. (2021). Entrepreneurship in Hospitality: https://swissimh.ch/entrepreneurship-in-hospitality/

Ø Taylor. (2019). What is Hospitality Management? https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/hospitality-management 

 

The Importance of Veterinary Medicine

 

The Importance of Veterinary Medicine
Gracelynne Victoria Irawan

         (Rudolf Virchow, 1821–1902) “Between animal and human medicine there is no dividing line—nor should there be. The object is different, but the experience obtained constitutes the basis of all medicine.” Veterinarians are the only doctors educated to protect and act as a bridge to both animals and people in our world. They address the health and welfare of every animal species and are fundamental roles in environmental protection, research, food safety, public health, and many more. Protecting the health of animals and society. They are needed as much as doctors who specialize health towards people in the present or future time.

 

https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/articles/how-to-apply-to-veterinary-school-and-become-a-veterinarian

            All animal species and Homo sapiens are related to the knowledge gained by one species to connect and benefit all which leads to the concept of “One Medicine”. It defines human and animal health to emphasize the interconnectedness, relationships and transferability of the knowledge needed in solving health problems in all species. All veterinary activities affect human health either directly biomedically, research, public health or indirectly by addressing domestic animals, wildlife, and environmental health. More importantly, veterinary scientists hold the responsibility of protecting both human and animal health and welfare by ensuring food security and safety, preventing and controlling emerging infectious zoonoses, protecting environment and ecosystems, assisting in bioterrorism and agroterrorism preparedness, advancing treatments and controls for nonzoonotic diseases (such as vaccine-preventable illnesses and chronic diseases), contributing to public health, and engaging in medical research (Pappaioanou, 2004). These tasks contribute to our understanding of all medicine or the One Medicine concept. Veterinary research is as fundamental as human health activity, unfortunately the centrality of veterinary research and its critical role at the interface between human and animal health are often not understood and undervalued in society.

           

            As humans, we require food intake daily to survive and continue living. Food is a crucial resource for us, but what if the food we consume brings us to our deaths instead? Therefore, food safety is mandatory for the sake of the public health. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has stated that animal health practices are necessary for the sustainability of livestock and their food production. Animal products do not solely serve as a source of high-quality food, but they are also the source of income for many farmers, animal holders and traders in a variety of countries. Veterinarians play a key role for farmers in ensuring the farm animals are healthy, kept in hygienic conditions and under good sanitary for consumption. They survey, detect, prevent, and treat the diseases in animals to minimise pathogens entering our food chain. Although they are veterinarians, their services must ensure the responsibility of their medical products, as these drug residues may enter our food and animal of origin. If said drug residue or disease outbreaks were found in food safety incidents, the traceability of the animals and animal products throughout the food production is crucial. (OIE, World Organization for Animal Health) “Good quality of water, animal feedstuffs, and farming practices must be strictly controlled to ensure food safety. Improving animal health is equal to improving our food safety.” The dangers that may befall globally if veterinarians do not play a crucial role in food safety gives rise to zoonoses. Currently, we are facing a global pandemic because of the coronavirus (covid-19). Chinese scientists suggested that the ant-eating pangolin was the prime suspect of the virus’ origins. Though, pin-pointing the exact origins of the virus remains a mystery. Just like the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which is thought to spread to humans from civets back in 2002.

           

            (Drh. Muhhamad Munawaroh, 2020) "Indonesia itu kalau benar-benar sesuai dengan jumlah penduduknya butuhnya hampir 70 ribu dokter hewan. Sekarang yang ada baru 20 ribuan.” Indonesia needs approximately 70.000 veterinarians and now we only have 20.000. Whereas there are approximately 168.000 doctors in Indonesia (2019) and yet we are still ranked the lowest in the world for having the least number of doctors. If those numbers are the lowest in the world, what about our national veterinarians? Here we face the toxicity if we don’t become doctors, we’re treated like failures and if we enter vet school, we’re compared to human doctors and ostracized for not following society’s job standard. If we truly stand by the “One Medicine” concept, why are our nation’s health frontline so divided? Our roles are different, but our goals are the same, why are these college health tuition fees immensely expensive where we are thrown into student debt while we work to our daily routine too? Has SARS or Covid-19 taught us nothing? According to BBC, Indonesia has lost 2.000 health workers because of covid, ranking us as the highest health worker death rate in Asia and the third globally. We have lost too many doctoral lives during this pandemic and people still have the audacity to say that the virus doesn’t exist. If our doctors are all dead, the public community comes next, and we’ll be a dead country in no time if people still take veterinarians and human doctors so lightly.

           

            To summarize, veterinarians play a vital role to public health by keeping our animals in check for our food safety, prevent possible zoonosis outbreaks which could lead to pandemics and collaborative teamwork with human doctors. We are in dire need of more frontline health workers for the sake of the public health, unfortunately in exchange of high tuition fee and mental pressure from public voices. So, have you opened your eyes to the importance of veterinary medicine?             

Bibliography

Veterinarians: Protecting the health of animals and people. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/yourvet/veterinarians-protecting-health-animals-and-people

National Research Council (US) Committee on the National Needs for Research in Veterinary Science. (1970, January 01). The Role of Veterinary Research in Human Society. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22905/

M, P. (n.d.). Veterinary medicine protecting and promoting the public's health and well-being. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15041202/

Role of Veterinary Services - OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health. (2021, May 20). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.oie.int/en/what-we-do/global-initiatives/food-safety/role-of-veterinary-services/

Cáceres, S. B. (2012). The roles of veterinarians in meeting the challenges of health and welfare of livestock and global food security. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4299976/

Veterinarians in Codex / a critical contribution to food safety : CODEXALIMENTARIUS. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/news-and-events/news-details/en/c/1396405/

Animal health. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from http://www.fao.org/animal-health/en/

(AVA), A. V. (n.d.). The role of veterinarians in the management of zoonotic disease. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ava.com.au/policy-advocacy/policies/professional-practices-for-veterinarians/the-role-of-veterinarians-in-the-management-of-zoonotic-disease/

Alder, M., & Easton, G. (2005, April 16). Human and veterinary medicine. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC556144/

Kahn, L. H. (2006, April). Confronting zoonoses, linking human and veterinary medicine. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294691/

Cyranoski, D. (2020, February 26). Mystery deepens over animal source of coronavirus. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00548-w

Pdhi.or.id. (n.d.). Jumlah Dokter Hewan Di Indonesia Tak Sampai Setengah Dari Yang Dibutuhkan. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://portal.pdhi.or.id/berita/detail/jumlah-dokter-hewan-di-indonesia-tak-sampai-setengah-dari-yang-dibutuhkan

Kematian nakes di Indonesia akibat Covid-19 tertinggi di Asia: 'Seandainya saya tidak disumpah dokter, saya lebih baik tidak memberikan pelayanan'. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-58345226

 

 

The Importance of Psychologist in Today's World

                                                                         Author: Viona

    “Learn to help people with more than just their jobs: help them with their life” Jim Rohn, an author and motivational speaker once said. A Psychologists play a significant role in promoting global health and well-being while working within a human rights framework to improve people's lives and society. Currently the awareness of mental illness around the globe are still relatively low. As such, it’s a Psychologist job to contributes to the alleviation of physical, emotional, and mental repercussions on people of various age, groups, and communities are vital as the globe faces unprecedented problems.

    Neuropsychiatric illnesses are estimated to account for 13% of the worldwide disease burden, according to the World Health Organization. In reality, one out of every four people on the planet will suffer from a mental or neurological condition at some point in their lives. To put it another way, mental illness is highly widespread and can strike anyone at any time. Talking about mental health is certainly crucial. It can help people cope with sickness and dispel the stigma that has persisted for far too long. And especially now, when Covid-19 is related, dread, worry, concerns are sweeping the globe, and stress and anxiety are at high intensity. Unfortunately, awareness is insufficient. Why? Those who suffer from mental illnesses are stigmatized and discriminated against. Unfortunately, roughly two-thirds of people with mental illnesses do not seek treatment, possibly due to fear, embarrassment, or a lack of understanding. Others may overlook signals that an individual requires medical attention for a mental disease, mistaking it for a personal flaw or failure. As a result, available treatment is ineffective for individuals who require it. Furthermore, mental health treatment are often expensive in many nations.

    Psychologists contribute to society's well-being by assisting people in understanding and managing their emotions and actions in order to live a better life. A psychologist's contribution can be found at every stage of life, from infancy to old age. A psychologist's contribution to society is vital, from helping children perform better in school to equipping people to cope with relationships and life events. Psychologists also plays an important part in the lives of students in today's society. They are aware of their behavioral and learning issues and collaborate with school staff, management, and parents to develop solutions that address the children' diverse learning requirements. Additionally, psychologists assist school administrators in establishing successful behavioral tactics and studies for the student's overall development. They examine and analyze working conditions and provide recommendations for improvements that will boost productivity. Occasionally, a large number of psychologists assist management in hiring the best employees. They assist people in living a richer life by assisting them in managing interpersonal issues and overcoming emotional issues.

    Psychologists play an important role in addressing the mental health needs of our aging population and support their strengths. However, according to studies, nearly two-thirds of older adults with mental illnesses do not receive the care they require. This issue is particularly serious among rural and disadvantaged populations, such as the poor and certain ethnic and racial groupings. According to research, the majority of older persons desire to be treated if they feel depressed. When given the option of choosing between psychological therapy and antidepressant medication, older persons frequently choose psychological services. Older persons indicate that receiving mental health treatments from skilled mental health specialists makes them feel safe. Although the number of mentally ill older adults is increasing, according to Jeste, a former president of the American Psychiatric Association, the number of experts is actually decreasing, which is humiliating and shameful for society. The diminishing workforce can be attributed to a variety of issues, including insufficient reimbursement for mental health specialists and a misguided notion that the area is uninteresting and that treating the elderly is difficult. Stigma is the major issue. Stigma has been described as leading to the development of negative attitudes towards older persons such as prejudices, ageism, the creation of popular stereotypes and taboos, damaging self-beliefs, lack of public discussion, and alarmist popular and professional statements about burden and costs (Lima, 2004). According to Sartorius, stigma leads to discrimination in the provision of services for physical health problems in older people with mental disorders (europepmc.org, 2004). Thus, older people with a mental disorder carry a double burden, which merits special attention in order to prevent stigma and discrimination (WHO, 2002). Even when municipal resources are available to support older persons who suffer from mental ill health, such individuals do not always seek care (Lima,2004).

    Therefore, psychologist plays an important role in human life society and it’s needed at both present and future. The stigma and discrimination against older people with mental disorders are still a big problem in the current society, and it will still be a great challenge in the future. As such, it’s important to give education to raise awareness. Maya Angelou, an American poet once said, “As soon as healing takes place, go out and heal somebody else.”

Sources:

1. N. Sartorius, “Introduction: stigma and discrimination against older people with mental disorders,” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 18, no. 8, p. 669, 2003.

2. C. A. De Mendonça Lima, “The reduction of stigma and discrimination against older people with mental disorders: a challenge for the future,” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. Supplement, no. 9, pp. 109–120, 2004.

3. World Health Organization and World Psychiatric Association, Reducing Stigma and Discrimination against Older People with Mental Disorders, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002.

4. S. Bor, J., 2021. Among The Elderly, Many Mental Illnesses Go Undiagnosed | Health Affairs Journal. [online] Healthaffairs.org. Available at: <https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0314> [Accessed 23 August 2021].

5. Sultan, R. and Sultan, R., 2021. Mental Health Awareness is Not Enough - Human Health Project. [online] Human Health Project. Available at: <https://humanhealthproject.org/mental-health/> [Accessed 22 August 2021].

6. Arnold, S. and Button, D., 2021. Mental health awareness isn't enough. [online] New Economics Foundation. Available at: <https://neweconomics.org/2020/05/mental-health-awareness-isnt-enough> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

7. Stewart, D., 2021. Role of a Psychologist in Society | Synonym. [online] Classroom.synonym.com. Available at: <https://classroom.synonym.com/info-8712675-role-psychologist-society.html> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

8. Junction, B., 2021. What Is the Role of a Psychologist in Today’s Society?. [online] Wikie Pedia. Available at: <https://wikiepedia.wordpress.com/2015/01/09/what-is-the-role-of-a-psychologist-in-todays-society/> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

9. org, a., 2021. Older Adults' Health and Age-Related Changes. [online] https://www.apa.org. Available at: <https://www.apa.org/pi/aging/resources/guides/older> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

10. L.Holm, A., 2021. Living with Stigma: Depressed Elderly Persons’ Experiences of Physical Health Problems. [online] hindawi. Available at: <https://www.hindawi.com/journals/nrp/2014/527920/#B12> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

The Art of Neurosurgery

The Art of Neurosurgery 

Actarisha Shekina Glory

Working with a neurosurgeon is like working with a meticulous artist, who pays attention to every miniscule detail in his canvas – even the ones that are not immediately visible to the eye.

 

It’s no secret that neurosurgery is one of the most sought out and even romanticized branches of medicine one can acquire after receiving a Doctor of Medicine degree, considering how many neurosurgeons you see in the media (such as Grey’s Anatomy, Gifted Hands, and even Doctor Strange), for they work with the most delicate and complex part of the human anatomy; the brain, and its nervous system. As its name, a neurosurgeon is a qualified surgeon who focuses on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the central and peripheral nervous system, such as trauma, vascular anomalies, infections of the brain or spine, and strokes (Brennan, 2021). More importantly, they also have the set of skills to deal with more life-threatening brain diseases, such as meningitis, brain tumors, and epilepsy (NHS, n.d.). This specialized area of surgery is also known for being one of the most demanding fields, with unpredictable surgical hours and extensive studies.

 

Being a neurosurgeon is no simple feat. For starters, you must obtain a bachelor’s degree in biomedical sciences, which, in Indonesia, lasts about 3 to 5 years. Afterwards, fresh graduates must undergo a residency program, where you will come face to face with real life medical situations. This residency program lasts about 1 to 2 years, and is a mandatory phase to furthering your career. After completing your residency program, you will have to take a specialized test, called Ujian Kompetensi Dokter Indonesia (or UKDI for short), to see if you are qualified to receive your license (Surat Tanda Registrasi, or STR) to work as a legal doctor registered under the government. You will then have to take an internship program for one year before officially becoming a doctor. Your journey typically ends there if you were to be a general practitioner. Most medical students take extra years to study to become a specialist. If you are to become a neurosurgeon, you must take another five years to complete your study in neurosurgery. Overall, your journey to being a neurosurgeon takes about 10 to 14 years. Talk about dedication!

 

               In the US, neurosurgeons pump out an average of 18 researches per year; the highest number amongst other surgeons (Med School Insiders, 2020). This is due to the fact that neurosurgery is a highly academical field with spacious rooms for improvement on the outcome of the patients’ conditions. Kailish Narayan, MD, stated that, “The brain and the spine are unforgiving, and they have very little power to recuperate or heal.” (Schierhorn, 2013). It is also a highly unpredictable job, with frequent and extensive emergency calls that can last up to 15 hours per surgery. Skills are not only the things needed inside an operating room, but also the ability to take direction, integrity and willingness to learn. According to Jason Seibly, DO, “Initiative, motivation and interpersonal skills are the most important traits we seek.” They should also be creative in approaching a case, as not every case is the same as what they might encounter in a textbook. Because the brain controls the human body, and the spinal cord distributes such orders for the body to function, neurosurgical care is highly important not only for the present, but also for the future. As previously stated, it is one of the most demanding fields in medicine. The brain and the nervous system and both extremely intricate and delicate parts of the body; one wrong movement and a patient could be paralyzed, or worse. Other than that, the whole body is lined with neurons, sending messages to your brain and each and every limb – it’s impossible not to encounter a neuron in the human body. Head and spine trauma contributes to most of the mortalities caused in modern trauma. Benign tumours, strokes (both haemorrhagic and ischemic), and abscesses are curable, but need neurosurgical care to do such. As time changes, so will these diseases, and it doesn’t close the possibility of more neurological and spinal disorders and problems to appear (Dempsey, 2018).

 

               To summarize, neurosurgery is one of the specialized branches of surgery, where they deal with anomalies occurring in the brain and/or the spinal cord. They undergo an extensive study length in medical school and dedicate hours upon hours of their time to the operation room. They are a much-needed force in the medical field because not only do they treat life-threatening diseases such as brain tumours and strokes, both of which have a high mortality rate, they are also the leads in cutting edge treatments to the ever-meticulous nervous system, as they follow the development of magnetic resonance imaging, CT scans and other advances that are used to further study the brain, which is a crucial weapon to combat the ever-changing times, and with it, the ever-developing anomalies within the nervous system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

Brennan, D. (2021, June 23). What is a Neurosurgeon? Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-neurosurgeon

Dempsey, R. J. (2018, October). Editorial. Global neurosurgery: the role of the individual neurosurgeon, the Foundation for International Education in Neurological Surgery, and “service through education” to address worldwide need. Retrieved from Journal of Neurosurgery: https://thejns.org/focus/view/journals/neurosurg-focus/45/4/article-pE19.xml

Med School Insiders. (2020, March 7). So You Want to Be a NEUROSURGEON [Ep. 6].

NHS. (n.d.). Neurosurgery. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/doctors/roles-doctors/surgery/neurosurgery

Schierhorn, C. (2013, October 31). How to become a neurosurgeon. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://thedo.osteopathic.org/2013/10/how-to-become-a-neurosurgeon/