The Importance of Veterinary Medicine

 

The Importance of Veterinary Medicine
Gracelynne Victoria Irawan

         (Rudolf Virchow, 1821–1902) “Between animal and human medicine there is no dividing line—nor should there be. The object is different, but the experience obtained constitutes the basis of all medicine.” Veterinarians are the only doctors educated to protect and act as a bridge to both animals and people in our world. They address the health and welfare of every animal species and are fundamental roles in environmental protection, research, food safety, public health, and many more. Protecting the health of animals and society. They are needed as much as doctors who specialize health towards people in the present or future time.

 

https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/articles/how-to-apply-to-veterinary-school-and-become-a-veterinarian

            All animal species and Homo sapiens are related to the knowledge gained by one species to connect and benefit all which leads to the concept of “One Medicine”. It defines human and animal health to emphasize the interconnectedness, relationships and transferability of the knowledge needed in solving health problems in all species. All veterinary activities affect human health either directly biomedically, research, public health or indirectly by addressing domestic animals, wildlife, and environmental health. More importantly, veterinary scientists hold the responsibility of protecting both human and animal health and welfare by ensuring food security and safety, preventing and controlling emerging infectious zoonoses, protecting environment and ecosystems, assisting in bioterrorism and agroterrorism preparedness, advancing treatments and controls for nonzoonotic diseases (such as vaccine-preventable illnesses and chronic diseases), contributing to public health, and engaging in medical research (Pappaioanou, 2004). These tasks contribute to our understanding of all medicine or the One Medicine concept. Veterinary research is as fundamental as human health activity, unfortunately the centrality of veterinary research and its critical role at the interface between human and animal health are often not understood and undervalued in society.

           

            As humans, we require food intake daily to survive and continue living. Food is a crucial resource for us, but what if the food we consume brings us to our deaths instead? Therefore, food safety is mandatory for the sake of the public health. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has stated that animal health practices are necessary for the sustainability of livestock and their food production. Animal products do not solely serve as a source of high-quality food, but they are also the source of income for many farmers, animal holders and traders in a variety of countries. Veterinarians play a key role for farmers in ensuring the farm animals are healthy, kept in hygienic conditions and under good sanitary for consumption. They survey, detect, prevent, and treat the diseases in animals to minimise pathogens entering our food chain. Although they are veterinarians, their services must ensure the responsibility of their medical products, as these drug residues may enter our food and animal of origin. If said drug residue or disease outbreaks were found in food safety incidents, the traceability of the animals and animal products throughout the food production is crucial. (OIE, World Organization for Animal Health) “Good quality of water, animal feedstuffs, and farming practices must be strictly controlled to ensure food safety. Improving animal health is equal to improving our food safety.” The dangers that may befall globally if veterinarians do not play a crucial role in food safety gives rise to zoonoses. Currently, we are facing a global pandemic because of the coronavirus (covid-19). Chinese scientists suggested that the ant-eating pangolin was the prime suspect of the virus’ origins. Though, pin-pointing the exact origins of the virus remains a mystery. Just like the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which is thought to spread to humans from civets back in 2002.

           

            (Drh. Muhhamad Munawaroh, 2020) "Indonesia itu kalau benar-benar sesuai dengan jumlah penduduknya butuhnya hampir 70 ribu dokter hewan. Sekarang yang ada baru 20 ribuan.” Indonesia needs approximately 70.000 veterinarians and now we only have 20.000. Whereas there are approximately 168.000 doctors in Indonesia (2019) and yet we are still ranked the lowest in the world for having the least number of doctors. If those numbers are the lowest in the world, what about our national veterinarians? Here we face the toxicity if we don’t become doctors, we’re treated like failures and if we enter vet school, we’re compared to human doctors and ostracized for not following society’s job standard. If we truly stand by the “One Medicine” concept, why are our nation’s health frontline so divided? Our roles are different, but our goals are the same, why are these college health tuition fees immensely expensive where we are thrown into student debt while we work to our daily routine too? Has SARS or Covid-19 taught us nothing? According to BBC, Indonesia has lost 2.000 health workers because of covid, ranking us as the highest health worker death rate in Asia and the third globally. We have lost too many doctoral lives during this pandemic and people still have the audacity to say that the virus doesn’t exist. If our doctors are all dead, the public community comes next, and we’ll be a dead country in no time if people still take veterinarians and human doctors so lightly.

           

            To summarize, veterinarians play a vital role to public health by keeping our animals in check for our food safety, prevent possible zoonosis outbreaks which could lead to pandemics and collaborative teamwork with human doctors. We are in dire need of more frontline health workers for the sake of the public health, unfortunately in exchange of high tuition fee and mental pressure from public voices. So, have you opened your eyes to the importance of veterinary medicine?             

Bibliography

Veterinarians: Protecting the health of animals and people. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/yourvet/veterinarians-protecting-health-animals-and-people

National Research Council (US) Committee on the National Needs for Research in Veterinary Science. (1970, January 01). The Role of Veterinary Research in Human Society. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22905/

M, P. (n.d.). Veterinary medicine protecting and promoting the public's health and well-being. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15041202/

Role of Veterinary Services - OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health. (2021, May 20). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.oie.int/en/what-we-do/global-initiatives/food-safety/role-of-veterinary-services/

Cáceres, S. B. (2012). The roles of veterinarians in meeting the challenges of health and welfare of livestock and global food security. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4299976/

Veterinarians in Codex / a critical contribution to food safety : CODEXALIMENTARIUS. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/news-and-events/news-details/en/c/1396405/

Animal health. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from http://www.fao.org/animal-health/en/

(AVA), A. V. (n.d.). The role of veterinarians in the management of zoonotic disease. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ava.com.au/policy-advocacy/policies/professional-practices-for-veterinarians/the-role-of-veterinarians-in-the-management-of-zoonotic-disease/

Alder, M., & Easton, G. (2005, April 16). Human and veterinary medicine. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC556144/

Kahn, L. H. (2006, April). Confronting zoonoses, linking human and veterinary medicine. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294691/

Cyranoski, D. (2020, February 26). Mystery deepens over animal source of coronavirus. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00548-w

Pdhi.or.id. (n.d.). Jumlah Dokter Hewan Di Indonesia Tak Sampai Setengah Dari Yang Dibutuhkan. Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://portal.pdhi.or.id/berita/detail/jumlah-dokter-hewan-di-indonesia-tak-sampai-setengah-dari-yang-dibutuhkan

Kematian nakes di Indonesia akibat Covid-19 tertinggi di Asia: 'Seandainya saya tidak disumpah dokter, saya lebih baik tidak memberikan pelayanan'. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-58345226

 

 

The Importance of Psychologist in Today's World

                                                                         Author: Viona

    “Learn to help people with more than just their jobs: help them with their life” Jim Rohn, an author and motivational speaker once said. A Psychologists play a significant role in promoting global health and well-being while working within a human rights framework to improve people's lives and society. Currently the awareness of mental illness around the globe are still relatively low. As such, it’s a Psychologist job to contributes to the alleviation of physical, emotional, and mental repercussions on people of various age, groups, and communities are vital as the globe faces unprecedented problems.

    Neuropsychiatric illnesses are estimated to account for 13% of the worldwide disease burden, according to the World Health Organization. In reality, one out of every four people on the planet will suffer from a mental or neurological condition at some point in their lives. To put it another way, mental illness is highly widespread and can strike anyone at any time. Talking about mental health is certainly crucial. It can help people cope with sickness and dispel the stigma that has persisted for far too long. And especially now, when Covid-19 is related, dread, worry, concerns are sweeping the globe, and stress and anxiety are at high intensity. Unfortunately, awareness is insufficient. Why? Those who suffer from mental illnesses are stigmatized and discriminated against. Unfortunately, roughly two-thirds of people with mental illnesses do not seek treatment, possibly due to fear, embarrassment, or a lack of understanding. Others may overlook signals that an individual requires medical attention for a mental disease, mistaking it for a personal flaw or failure. As a result, available treatment is ineffective for individuals who require it. Furthermore, mental health treatment are often expensive in many nations.

    Psychologists contribute to society's well-being by assisting people in understanding and managing their emotions and actions in order to live a better life. A psychologist's contribution can be found at every stage of life, from infancy to old age. A psychologist's contribution to society is vital, from helping children perform better in school to equipping people to cope with relationships and life events. Psychologists also plays an important part in the lives of students in today's society. They are aware of their behavioral and learning issues and collaborate with school staff, management, and parents to develop solutions that address the children' diverse learning requirements. Additionally, psychologists assist school administrators in establishing successful behavioral tactics and studies for the student's overall development. They examine and analyze working conditions and provide recommendations for improvements that will boost productivity. Occasionally, a large number of psychologists assist management in hiring the best employees. They assist people in living a richer life by assisting them in managing interpersonal issues and overcoming emotional issues.

    Psychologists play an important role in addressing the mental health needs of our aging population and support their strengths. However, according to studies, nearly two-thirds of older adults with mental illnesses do not receive the care they require. This issue is particularly serious among rural and disadvantaged populations, such as the poor and certain ethnic and racial groupings. According to research, the majority of older persons desire to be treated if they feel depressed. When given the option of choosing between psychological therapy and antidepressant medication, older persons frequently choose psychological services. Older persons indicate that receiving mental health treatments from skilled mental health specialists makes them feel safe. Although the number of mentally ill older adults is increasing, according to Jeste, a former president of the American Psychiatric Association, the number of experts is actually decreasing, which is humiliating and shameful for society. The diminishing workforce can be attributed to a variety of issues, including insufficient reimbursement for mental health specialists and a misguided notion that the area is uninteresting and that treating the elderly is difficult. Stigma is the major issue. Stigma has been described as leading to the development of negative attitudes towards older persons such as prejudices, ageism, the creation of popular stereotypes and taboos, damaging self-beliefs, lack of public discussion, and alarmist popular and professional statements about burden and costs (Lima, 2004). According to Sartorius, stigma leads to discrimination in the provision of services for physical health problems in older people with mental disorders (europepmc.org, 2004). Thus, older people with a mental disorder carry a double burden, which merits special attention in order to prevent stigma and discrimination (WHO, 2002). Even when municipal resources are available to support older persons who suffer from mental ill health, such individuals do not always seek care (Lima,2004).

    Therefore, psychologist plays an important role in human life society and it’s needed at both present and future. The stigma and discrimination against older people with mental disorders are still a big problem in the current society, and it will still be a great challenge in the future. As such, it’s important to give education to raise awareness. Maya Angelou, an American poet once said, “As soon as healing takes place, go out and heal somebody else.”

Sources:

1. N. Sartorius, “Introduction: stigma and discrimination against older people with mental disorders,” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 18, no. 8, p. 669, 2003.

2. C. A. De Mendonça Lima, “The reduction of stigma and discrimination against older people with mental disorders: a challenge for the future,” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. Supplement, no. 9, pp. 109–120, 2004.

3. World Health Organization and World Psychiatric Association, Reducing Stigma and Discrimination against Older People with Mental Disorders, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002.

4. S. Bor, J., 2021. Among The Elderly, Many Mental Illnesses Go Undiagnosed | Health Affairs Journal. [online] Healthaffairs.org. Available at: <https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0314> [Accessed 23 August 2021].

5. Sultan, R. and Sultan, R., 2021. Mental Health Awareness is Not Enough - Human Health Project. [online] Human Health Project. Available at: <https://humanhealthproject.org/mental-health/> [Accessed 22 August 2021].

6. Arnold, S. and Button, D., 2021. Mental health awareness isn't enough. [online] New Economics Foundation. Available at: <https://neweconomics.org/2020/05/mental-health-awareness-isnt-enough> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

7. Stewart, D., 2021. Role of a Psychologist in Society | Synonym. [online] Classroom.synonym.com. Available at: <https://classroom.synonym.com/info-8712675-role-psychologist-society.html> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

8. Junction, B., 2021. What Is the Role of a Psychologist in Today’s Society?. [online] Wikie Pedia. Available at: <https://wikiepedia.wordpress.com/2015/01/09/what-is-the-role-of-a-psychologist-in-todays-society/> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

9. org, a., 2021. Older Adults' Health and Age-Related Changes. [online] https://www.apa.org. Available at: <https://www.apa.org/pi/aging/resources/guides/older> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

10. L.Holm, A., 2021. Living with Stigma: Depressed Elderly Persons’ Experiences of Physical Health Problems. [online] hindawi. Available at: <https://www.hindawi.com/journals/nrp/2014/527920/#B12> [Accessed 21 August 2021].

The Art of Neurosurgery

The Art of Neurosurgery 

Actarisha Shekina Glory

Working with a neurosurgeon is like working with a meticulous artist, who pays attention to every miniscule detail in his canvas – even the ones that are not immediately visible to the eye.

 

It’s no secret that neurosurgery is one of the most sought out and even romanticized branches of medicine one can acquire after receiving a Doctor of Medicine degree, considering how many neurosurgeons you see in the media (such as Grey’s Anatomy, Gifted Hands, and even Doctor Strange), for they work with the most delicate and complex part of the human anatomy; the brain, and its nervous system. As its name, a neurosurgeon is a qualified surgeon who focuses on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the central and peripheral nervous system, such as trauma, vascular anomalies, infections of the brain or spine, and strokes (Brennan, 2021). More importantly, they also have the set of skills to deal with more life-threatening brain diseases, such as meningitis, brain tumors, and epilepsy (NHS, n.d.). This specialized area of surgery is also known for being one of the most demanding fields, with unpredictable surgical hours and extensive studies.

 

Being a neurosurgeon is no simple feat. For starters, you must obtain a bachelor’s degree in biomedical sciences, which, in Indonesia, lasts about 3 to 5 years. Afterwards, fresh graduates must undergo a residency program, where you will come face to face with real life medical situations. This residency program lasts about 1 to 2 years, and is a mandatory phase to furthering your career. After completing your residency program, you will have to take a specialized test, called Ujian Kompetensi Dokter Indonesia (or UKDI for short), to see if you are qualified to receive your license (Surat Tanda Registrasi, or STR) to work as a legal doctor registered under the government. You will then have to take an internship program for one year before officially becoming a doctor. Your journey typically ends there if you were to be a general practitioner. Most medical students take extra years to study to become a specialist. If you are to become a neurosurgeon, you must take another five years to complete your study in neurosurgery. Overall, your journey to being a neurosurgeon takes about 10 to 14 years. Talk about dedication!

 

               In the US, neurosurgeons pump out an average of 18 researches per year; the highest number amongst other surgeons (Med School Insiders, 2020). This is due to the fact that neurosurgery is a highly academical field with spacious rooms for improvement on the outcome of the patients’ conditions. Kailish Narayan, MD, stated that, “The brain and the spine are unforgiving, and they have very little power to recuperate or heal.” (Schierhorn, 2013). It is also a highly unpredictable job, with frequent and extensive emergency calls that can last up to 15 hours per surgery. Skills are not only the things needed inside an operating room, but also the ability to take direction, integrity and willingness to learn. According to Jason Seibly, DO, “Initiative, motivation and interpersonal skills are the most important traits we seek.” They should also be creative in approaching a case, as not every case is the same as what they might encounter in a textbook. Because the brain controls the human body, and the spinal cord distributes such orders for the body to function, neurosurgical care is highly important not only for the present, but also for the future. As previously stated, it is one of the most demanding fields in medicine. The brain and the nervous system and both extremely intricate and delicate parts of the body; one wrong movement and a patient could be paralyzed, or worse. Other than that, the whole body is lined with neurons, sending messages to your brain and each and every limb – it’s impossible not to encounter a neuron in the human body. Head and spine trauma contributes to most of the mortalities caused in modern trauma. Benign tumours, strokes (both haemorrhagic and ischemic), and abscesses are curable, but need neurosurgical care to do such. As time changes, so will these diseases, and it doesn’t close the possibility of more neurological and spinal disorders and problems to appear (Dempsey, 2018).

 

               To summarize, neurosurgery is one of the specialized branches of surgery, where they deal with anomalies occurring in the brain and/or the spinal cord. They undergo an extensive study length in medical school and dedicate hours upon hours of their time to the operation room. They are a much-needed force in the medical field because not only do they treat life-threatening diseases such as brain tumours and strokes, both of which have a high mortality rate, they are also the leads in cutting edge treatments to the ever-meticulous nervous system, as they follow the development of magnetic resonance imaging, CT scans and other advances that are used to further study the brain, which is a crucial weapon to combat the ever-changing times, and with it, the ever-developing anomalies within the nervous system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

Brennan, D. (2021, June 23). What is a Neurosurgeon? Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-neurosurgeon

Dempsey, R. J. (2018, October). Editorial. Global neurosurgery: the role of the individual neurosurgeon, the Foundation for International Education in Neurological Surgery, and “service through education” to address worldwide need. Retrieved from Journal of Neurosurgery: https://thejns.org/focus/view/journals/neurosurg-focus/45/4/article-pE19.xml

Med School Insiders. (2020, March 7). So You Want to Be a NEUROSURGEON [Ep. 6].

NHS. (n.d.). Neurosurgery. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/doctors/roles-doctors/surgery/neurosurgery

Schierhorn, C. (2013, October 31). How to become a neurosurgeon. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://thedo.osteopathic.org/2013/10/how-to-become-a-neurosurgeon/

 

 

 

 

 

Are Plastic Surgeon and Dermatologists the Same Thing?

Are Plastic Surgeon and Dermatologists the Same Thing?

shorturl.at/dmANX 

Everyone knows what a doctor is, and where to find them. But there’s a lot of doctors who focused on the aesthetic such as dentist, dermatologist, plastic surgeon, and also cosmetic surgeon. In this text we will talk about the differences and similarities between a Plastic Surgeon and a dermatologist. People can be confused what’s the difference between plastic surgeon and dermatologist. They’re types who focuses on treating skins, burns, illness or could be called aesthetic. It’s important to know the types, because it will be helpful to know which doctor to go to that match to the body’s problem.

Plastic surgeons and dermatologists are both in the business of helping patients look their best, whether they're recovering from cancer or disfiguring injuries, or they simply want to feel better about their appearance. But although these doctors have similar goals and perform some of the same procedures, they have very different career paths. Plastic surgeons are focused on reconstructive procedures. They can see patients who have conditions like birth disorders, injuries, illnesses, or burns Many plastic surgeons choose to become cosmetic surgeons and do procedures to change a patient's appearance or aesthetic. Meanwhile Dermatologists are doctors specialising in skincare. They work with the patients for diagnosing and treating their hair, skin, and nails. (Melinda Ratini, 2021).

Dermatologist can remove the skin or suggest some antibiotics and medications after examining the skin. They also work with oncologists for performing biopsies of cysts and moles to determine whether these spots can be cancerous, also remove malevolent sections if they consider it be necessary. Plastic surgeons work with their patients to transform the appearance of their faces and bodies. They are trained medical surgeons who specialise in tissue transfers, laser surgery and body contouring. They enjoy making their patients feel good about their body by working on their bones of skull and face or through performing liposuction. They often focus on elective surgeries like facelifts, breast augmentations and rhinoplasties. To be successful, they are required to have an in-depth knowledge of tissue transfers and skin grafts. Dermatologists work in a clinical setting whereas plastic surgeons work in the operation theatres most of the time. Dermatologists are experts who study for four years in college, followed by four years in medical school and practice up to three of residency in paediatrics, internal medicine. They later undergo over three years of dermatology training. Some of them also specialize in cosmetic dermatological training which includes the training in cosmetic techniques. Plastic surgeons undergo formal training in general surgery, including orthopaedic surgery, neck and head surgery along with some ophthalmology. The period of training for plastic surgeons is a minimum of six years whereas it takes approximately four years for dermatologists to complete their training.

 

For training, these two careers vary in many aspects. Dermatologists work in a clinical setting whereas plastic surgeons work in the operation theatres most of the time. Dermatologists are experts who study for four years in college, followed by four years in medical school and practice up to three of residency in pediatrics, internal medicine. They later undergo over three years of dermatology training. Some of them also specialize in cosmetic dermatological training which includes the training in cosmetic techniques. Some of the dermatologists sub-specialising in cosmetic dermatology spend extra time in training related to lasers, treatments related to leg veins and injectable. They are trained to do surgeries related to skin cancers but not aesthetic surgeries such as facelifts. On the other hand, plastic surgeons are trained to operate these cosmetic surgeries (Shipa Surman, 2019). Plastic surgeons undergo formal training in general surgery, including orthopedic surgery, neck and head surgery along with some ophthalmology. The period of training for plastic surgeons is a minimum of six years whereas it takes approximately four years for dermatologists to complete their training.Plastic surgeon and dermatologist have the same purpose. They have a similar goal which is aesthetic medicine. Aesthetic medicine is where dermatologists and plastic surgeons overlap the most. They comprises all medical procedures that are aimed at improving the physical appearance and satisfaction of the patient, using non-invasive to minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. They also have the same education which to treat skin but plastic surgeon studied until tissue and also illness. Both plastic and dermatologist had cosmetic procedure, for example cosmetic surgeon and also cosmetic dermatologist.

Even though plastic surgeon and dermatologist are different, they still similar to each other. Now we know the differences and the similarities between plastic surgeon and dermatologist, Plastic surgeons work with their patients to transform the appearance of their faces and bodies and Dermatologists are doctors specialising in skincare. They work with the patients for diagnosing and treating their hair, skin and nails. People sometimes confused because plastic surgeon and dermatologist are very similar. There’s something to remember, a lot of people want to change their appearance, it’s ok if you want to change your appearance by doing surgeries, but don’t change yourself because people told you, and try to be grateful what god had give you.

dermmd. (2019, February 11). The Difference between a Cosmetic Dermatologist & Plastic Surgeon. Retrieved from dermmd.com: https://www.dermmd.com/2019/02/11/the-difference-between-a-cosmetic-dermatologist-plastic-surgeon/

Holland, T. M. (2016, November 16). Dermatology vs. plastic surgery: similar goals, different career paths. Retrieved from medschool.ucla.edu: https://medschool.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=1158&action=detail&ref=819

Medicine, A. A. (n.d.). WHAT IS AESTHETIC MEDICINE? Retrieved from aaamed.org: https://www.aaamed.org/aesthetic_med.php

Sokanu. (n.d.). Retrieved from careerexplorer.com: https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/questions/131/what-is-the-difference-between-a-dermatologist-and-a-plastic-surgeon/

Suman, S. (2019, september 2). What is the difference between dermatologist and plastic surgeon? Retrieved from shiksha.com: https://www.shiksha.com/medicine-health-sciences/articles/what-is-the-difference-between-dermatologist-and-plastic-surgeon-blogId-23035

 

 

 

 

 

STOP CONFUSING BETWEEN A DOCTOR AND A PHARMACISTS

Stevanie Callystasya Susilo

The pandemic situation has made a turning point in the history of disease and sickness. For people who got infected with any disease, there are people with the profession and responsibility to take care of the patients. These people who pursue that profession such as doctors or pharmacists took a long way to get to their place right now, but many people still misunderstood the meaning when pharmacists say that “I’m a doctor”. There is a significant difference between people who take the medical major and pharmacy major, such as their study material through college, field of work, and responsibilities

Medicine major and Pharmacy major are both majors from the branches of science. Medicine major focuses on scientific research on the molecular and cellular bases of disease and the application of this knowledge to the development of new tools, drugs, and clinical and diagnostic therapies. Including the teaching of cell biology, molecular biology, physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, genetics, pathology, molecular immunology, research and quantitative methods, and biomedical research calculations. While people who pursue a pharmacy major, under the supervision of a pharmacist, pharmacy students prepare medicines, provide medicines and related assistance to patients, and manage the clinical and commercial operations of the pharmacy. Including medical and pharmaceutical terminology, pharmacology and pharmacy principles, drug identification, pharmacy laboratory procedures, prescription interpretation, patient communication and education, safety procedures, record-keeping, measurement and testing techniques, business operations pharmacy, prescription preparation, coordination, and dispensing operations.

Medicine major tends to study most core science courses in the first two years break the body down into systems, sometimes incorporating interconnected systems, and combine lectures with laboratory work. The pharmacy course aims to introduce various topics and cultures and to strengthen critical thinking and communication skills. This course provides students with scientific training and clinical skills to provide patient-centered team care in the evolving healthcare system (Kowarski, 2018). Although pharmacists must have a doctorate in pharmacy, they are not doctors or physicians. There are some differences between the two occupations, including the jobs that the law allows them to do. Medical school in the United States usually lasts four years but is often followed by residency and potentially fellowship (Fields, 2021). For those who want to become a doctor, this can represent a combined medical education of 10 years or more. While pharmacy school includes a four-year Doctor of Pharmacy program, followed by an optional one- or two-year residency program. As such, pharmacy school will take four to six years to complete for most graduates (Riggs, 2021). The first-year courses of medical major mostly focus on human body function, diseases, and clinical skills (Anatomy, Physiology, Body Function, Brain and Behavior, Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Foundations of Disease/Microbiology, Intro to Clinical Medicine, Developing Clinical Skills). Pharmacy major focuses on human anatomy, biomolecular, and chemistry (Molecular & Cellular Biology, Chemistry Lecture, and Lab, Calculus, Human Anatomy Lecture, Statistics). After finishing the first year, medical major students will continue to learn about medicine and surgery (Internal Medicine, Psychiatry/Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Geriatrics, Community and Preventive Medicine), while pharmacy major will learn microbiology and chemistry (Microbiology Lecture and Lab, Organic Chemistry Lecture and Lab, College Physics, Mammalian Physiology Lecture, and Lab).

You need a degree in medicine to become a doctor, but it can also lead you into alternative careers in many areas including lecturing, research, and scientific journalism. Jobs directly related to a medical degree include Anaesthetist, Cardiologist, Clinical radiologist, General practice doctor, Hospital doctor, Neurologist, Ophthalmologist, Pathologist, Psychiatrist, and Surgeon. As well as working as a community or hospital pharmacist, pharmacy graduates can also find opportunities in academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and with regulatory bodies. Jobs directly related to pharmacy degree include Community pharmacist, Hospital pharmacist, Research scientist (medical). Doctors have medical degrees and licenses to practice medicine, and they must meet residency requirements for their specialty (Riley, 2021). They examine patients, diagnose them with health problems, and determine their treatment plan, which may include prescribing medication. Meanwhile, pharmacists have Doctor of Pharmacy and pharmacy degrees, and they can complete a residency. While pharmacists can perform some basic medical procedures, such as giving patients a flu shot, they cannot prescribe medications or perform complex medical procedures. The pharmacist's first job is to make sure that the patient is taking the correct medication and knows how to take it. Doctors' responsibility to patients is to provide direct treatment to a patient, which may include assessing a patient's symptoms or injuries, diagnosing the patient, reviewing test results, counseling educates patients about treatment options, and treat patients by prescribing medications, referring them to specialists, or performing medical procedures. Pharmacist's responsibilities to patients are to ensure that patients take the medications prescribed by their doctors and know how to take them (Baker, 2019). They can also give general medical advice and perform basic medical tests on patients or vaccinate patients. They know the ingredients in the medicine you are taking and can give you advice on the best time to take it, possible interactions with other drugs or natural supplements, the risks, and the side effects of the drug. They can also give basic health and wellness tips.

Medicine major and pharmacy major may look similar just from the surface of the course, but if you investigate the details there are significant differences that occur in their study material, the field of work, and responsibilities. Learning more about these differences will help you to understand better which major that suits you and which major will be beneficial for your career.

Baker, R. (2019, October 21). Is a Pharmacist a Doctor? Retrieved from Baker & Gilchirst: https://www.bakerandgilchrist.com/blog/is-a-pharmacist-a-doctor/

Diamond, R. (2015, November 4). Typical Medical School Curriculum. Retrieved from Study.com: https://study.com/academy/popular/typical-medical-school-curriculum.html

Fields, K. C. (2021, April 30). What You Need to Know About Becoming a Pharmacy Major. Retrieved from US News: https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/pharmacy-major-guide

Kowarski, I. (2018, December 13). How Long Is Medical School and What Is it Like? Retrieved from US News: https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/articles/2018-12-13/how-long-is-medical-school-and-what-is-it-like

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Can a doctor help me love myself?

 Can a doctor help me love myself?

Tiffany Valerie Alexandra

                Everyone must know the work of a doctor. But did everyone know that there are a lot of types of doctors? The one that focuses on teeth, eyes, and many more. This text will talk about one of the types, it’s the one who focuses on skin, hair, and nails, it’s dermatologist. It’s important to know the types, because it will be helpful to know which doctor to go to that match to the body’s problem. Even though there are a lot of types of doctors, there’s a doctor that takes care of general things, it is called general practitioners.

People’s reasons to visit dermatology are because of a rash, an unusual-looking mole, or a skin discoloration (Cosmetic Dermatology, Medical Dermatology, 2020). According to docdoc article, dermatology is the medical specialty that deals with diseases and conditions that affect the skin, hair, scalp, and nails. But dermatology is focused on the problems and treatment of skin. We need to take care of our skin because it has wider range of conditions and diseases. Many people also said that dermatology is a good career (MALACH, 2020). Dermatology usually works normal than any other doctors. The patients come and go from the morning until evening, not like doctors that works on midnight. Other than that, is the difference of the patients. The patients generally aren’t dying all the time like they are in oncology, and people are usually happy because of the result. The field of dermatology is divided into two branches –medical and cosmetic  (Cosmetic Dermatology, Medical Dermatology, 2020). The similarities in these two types are of course focuses on addressing medical conditions of skin in patients. Other than that, these two types work differently.

(By XScholarship)

When someone asked what the difference between medical dermatology and cosmetic dermatology it looks so obvious from the name. Medical dermatology is focusing on addressing medical conditions affecting the health and appearance of skin of the patients (Lakeview Dermatology, n.d.). So basically, this type of dermatology is considered by the healthcare industry, as it geared toward fixing a health problem or injury, and it is usually therefore covered by insurance. This is because the insurance and governmental paperwork required with medical dermatology. While Lakeview Dermatology article said cosmetic dermatology caters to patients looking to maintain their youthful appearance by reversing the signs of aging or wanting to make aesthetic changes or improvements to their skin. So, this type is an ever-growing specialty to treat patients who desire to look better but have no medical to do so. The patients are desiring to reverse signs of aging and to look healthier and younger. So cosmetic dermatology address patient desires, performing services such as correcting skin tone, smoothing wrinkles, removing hair on the face or body, reducing surface fat, tightening skin, removing tattoos, treating cellulite, and treating acne and acne scars (Dan Brennan, 2021). This type of dermatology isn’t covered by most insurance policies, the patients pay out-of-pocket.

                Other differences of medical dermatology and cosmetic dermatology are as follows. Dermatologists primarily use only lotions, cleansers and creams for the treatment of patients, while cosmetic surgeons may use scalpels, saws and lasers to cut skin and bone ( dolly@docmode.com, 2019). The techniques used are also very different. According docmode.com, dermatologists will use a wide range of refined techniques to remedy various medical problems regarding skin conditions, including surgery, laser and light therapy, cryotherapy, and medicines to be applied to the skin or taken orally. The five most common nonsurgical cosmetic procedures were botulinum toxin such as botox injections, hyaluronic acid treatments, laser hair removal, nonsurgical fat reduction, and photorejuvenation (IPL) (Dan Brennan, 2021). Other than those things, next is the job responsibilities of a medical dermatology and cosmetic dermatology. According to docmode.com, the job responsibilities of medical dermatology include diagnosing conditions such as acne, dandruff, athlete’s foot, and psoriasis. Then, recommending skin care products to increase their patient’s chances of recovering and healing. Next one is remaining updated on the latest skincare treatments, both topical and surgical. Lastly, utilizing tools such as dermoscopes to get a close look at pigmented lesions of the skin. According to docmode.com, the job responsibilities of a cosmetic surgeon include following current and established medical techniques for surgery. Then, learning a patient’s medical history, medical allergies, and any preexisting health conditions to ensure the patient is healthy enough for surgery. The next one is discussing with the patient the risks of undergoing an operation. Lastly, prescribing treatments, such as antibiotics, for patients before and after a procedure.

                        After learning about dermatology, know that it is divided by two types. The first type is medical dermatology, where they focus on the skin health. And the second type is cosmetic dermatology, where they focus on the beauty of the skin. Skin is the most visible part of the body, so it’s important to maintain the skin. Maybe for its health or maybe for the magnificence. But there is something to be remember, people opinion is not important. People change their looks or going to the cosmetic dermatology is for personal pleasure. Don’t change looks just because what people say, love yourself!

Bibliography

dolly@docmode.com. (2019, December 12). Difference between Dermatologist and Cosmetic Dermatologist. Retrieved from DocMode: https://docmode.org/difference-between-dermatologist-and-cosmetic-dermatologist/

Cosmetic Dermatology, Medical Dermatology. (2020, February 11). Top Dermatologists Explain The Difference Between Medical vs. Cosmetic Dermatology. Retrieved from Associates In Dermatology, Millburn Laser Center: https://www.millburnlaser.com/top-dermatologists-explain-the-difference-between-medical-vs-cosmetic-dermatology/

Dan Brennan, M. (2021, June 23). What is a Cosmetic Dermatologist? Retrieved from WebMD Editorial Contributors: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-a-cosmetic-dermatologist

docdoc. (2020). What is Dermatology: An Overview. Retrieved from docdoc: https://www.docdoc.com/medical-information/specialties/dermatologists

Lakeview Dermatology. (n.d.). Medical vs. Cosmetic Dermatology. Retrieved from Lakeview Dermatology: https://www.lakeviewdermtx.com/blog/medical-vs-cosmetic-dermatology

MALACH, K. B. (2020, February 11). 15 Things I Wish I Knew Before I Became a Dermatologist. Retrieved from Cosmopolitan: https://www.cosmopolitan.com/career/a45967/things-i-wish-i-knew-before-i-became-a-dermatologist/